(Update: Scroll to bottom to view video on Roy Hawthorne, a Navajo code talker.)
In 1982, President Ronald Reagan gave Native American “Code Talkers” a Certificate of Recognition and declared August 14 “Navajo Code Talkers Day.”
In 1990, President George H. W. Bush declared the month of November as National American Indian Heritage Month, honoring Native Americans. Since then, presidents have reiterated that proclamation each year, eventually extending the proclamation to include Alaska Natives.
In 2000, President Bill Clinton signed a law which awarded the Congressional Gold Medal to the original 29 Code Talkers.
In 2001, President George W. Bush presented the medals to four surviving Code Talkers.
President Barack Obama, on several occasions, showed respect for and honored Native Americans and the Code Talkers.
In September 2016, in one of his last official ceremonies, President Obama honored Thomas Begay, one of the last surviving Navajo Code Talkers, at the Eighth White House Tribal Nations Conference.
Navajo Code Talker Thomas Begay at White House Tribal Nations Conference
On Monday, during a ceremony intended to honor three Native American Code Talkers who heroically served during World War II, President Trump trampled all over the solemn occasion by throwing out a cheap slur at a female political opponent.
However, the antics of one man — even in the role of president of our great nation — cannot and will not detract from the noble heritage of Native Americans who “have participated with distinction in United States military actions for more than 200 years” and whose “courage, determination and fighting spirit were recognized by American military leaders as early as the 18th century.”
Nor will Trump’s abhorrent lack of decorum and respect take away from the skills, devotion to country and bravery demonstrated by the Code Talkers during both World Wars.
Who better to describe how the Navajo language was adopted for “code talk” and taken “to the next level” to make it virtually unbreakable, than our Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
The following is taken from an article, “Navajo Code Talkers and the Unbreakable Code,” published by the CIA in 2008.
In the heat of battle, it is of the utmost importance that messages are delivered and received as quickly as possible. It is even more crucial that these messages are encoded so the enemy does not know about plans in advance.
During World War II, the Marine Corps used one of the thousands of languages spoken in the world to create an unbreakable code: Navajo.
Pfc. Preston Toledo and Pfc. Frank Toledo, Navajo cousins in a Marine artillery regiment in the South Pacific, relay orders over a field radio in their native tongue.(Photo CIA)
World War II wasn’t the first time a Native American language was used to create a code.
During World War I, the Choctaw language was used in the transmission of secret tactical messages. It was instrumental in a successful surprise attack against the Germans.
Germany and Japan sent students to the United States after World War I to study Native American languages and cultures, such as Cherokee, Choctaw, and Comanche.
Because of this, many members of the U.S. military services were uneasy about continuing to use Code Talkers during World War II. They were afraid the code would be easily cracked, but that was before they learned about the complexity of Navajo.
In 1942, Philip Johnston was reading a newspaper article about an armored division in Louisiana that was attempting to come up with another code using Native American languages. Johnston knew the perfect Native American language to utilize in a new, unbreakable code.
As a child, Johnston spent most of his childhood on a Navajo reservation while his parents served there as missionaries. He grew up learning the Navajo language and customs.
Johnston became so fluent in the Navajo language that he was asked at age 9 to serve as an interpreter for a Navajo delegation sent to Washington, D.C., to lobby for Indian rights.
In spite of concerns about the security of a code based on a Native American language, the U.S. Marine Corps decided to give Johnston’s idea a try. They approved a pilot project with 30 Navajos and allowed Johnston to enlist and participate in the program.
The first 29 recruited Navajos (one dropped out) arrived at Camp Elliott near San Diego in May 1942. One of the first tasks for these recruits was to develop a Navajo code.
The Navajo language seemed to be the perfect option as a code because it is not written and very few people who aren’t of Navajo origin can speak it.
However, the Marine Corps took the code to the next level and made it virtually unbreakable by further encoding the language with word substitution.
During the course of the war, about 400 Navajos participated in the code talker program.
The Navajo recruits began developing the code by taking words from their language and applying to them to implements of war. For example, the names of different birds were used to stand for different kinds of planes.
The initial code consisted of 211 vocabulary terms, which expanded to 411 over the course of the war.
In addition, an alphabet system was also developed by the Code Talkers. It would be used to spell out some of the words not found in Navajo vocabulary.
The first letter of a Navajo word corresponded with one of the 26 letters in the English alphabet. Several different words were chosen to represent the more commonly used letters in order to make the code even more secure.
A skeptical lieutenant decided to test their skills and the code before trusting them to deliver actual combat messages.
The Code Talkers successfully translated, transmitted and re-translated a test message in two and a half minutes. Without using the Navajo code, it could take hours for a soldier to complete the same task.
From then on, the Code Talkers were used in every major operation involving the Marines in the Pacific theater. Their primary job was to transmit tactical information over telephone and radio.
Cpl. Henry Bake, Jr., and Pfc. George H. Kirk, Navajos serving in December 1943 with a Marine Corps signal unit, operate a portable radio set in a clearing that they have hacked in the dense jungle behind the front lines. (Photo CIA)
During the invasion of Iwo Jima, six Navajo Code Talkers were operating continuously. They sent more than 800 messages. All of the messages were transmitted without error.
The Navajo Code Talkers were treated with the utmost respect by their fellow marines. Major Howard Connor, who was the signal officer of the Navajos at Iwo Jima, said, “Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima.”
CODA: Except for what happened on Monday, the Navajo Code Talkers continue to be treated with the utmost respect…
Update:
Below is a video where Roy Hawthorne, a Navajo code talker with the U.S. Marine Corps from 1943 to 1945, recalls how they came up with codes to trick the Japanese.
Lead photo: Army code talkers (left to right) Cpl. Jim Lane, Cpl. John Rope and Cpl. Kassey Y-32 pose for a photo at Fort Huachuca, Ariz., in 1942. . (Photo Courtesy Army.mil)
Cross-posted at the Huffington Post
