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U.S. military intervention, occupation in Muslim world: at best inadequate, at worst counter-productive, on the whole, infeasible

That’s how the Rand Corporation is describing the large-scale intervention we’ve gotten ourselves into in their most recent study. This is from the Rand Corp., which, I am pretty sure, is supposed to skew conservative.

From the press release:

Recognizing that the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan will not be the last of their kind, a new RAND Corporation study issued today finds that U.S. capabilities to meet the threat of Islamist insurgencies are seriously deficient and out of balance.

The report finds that large-scale U.S. military intervention and occupation in the Muslim world is at best inadequate, at worst counter-productive, and, on the whole, infeasible. The United States should shift its priorities and funding to improve civil governance, build local security forces, and exploit information — capabilities that have been lacking in Iraq and Afghanistan.

“Violent extremism in the Muslim world is the gravest national security threat the United States faces,” said David C. Gompert, the report’s lead author and a senior fellow at RAND, a nonprofit research organization. “Because this threat is likely to persist and could grow, it is important to understand the United States is currently not capable of adequately addressing the challenge.”

The findings are from a major review of strategies to combat insurgencies RAND initiated at the request of the Department of Defense.

What is so absolutely, positively, bottomlessly aggravating about these conclusions is that people could have and would have and were telling us this certainly before we entered Iraq and perhaps before we entered Afghanistan (I recall the former, I do not recall the latter). And if you don’t believe me, well, here’s the Rand again:

The authors cite data from some 90 conflicts since World War II that show the surest way to defeat insurgencies is to foster local governments that are seen by their citizens as representative, competent and honest. “Foreign forces cannot substitute for effective local governments, and they can even weaken their legitimacy,” said co-author John Gordon.

Historically, large-scale military intervention against insurgencies — e.g., France in Indochina and Algeria and the Soviet Union in Afghanistan — more often fails than succeeds.

The study finds that because it can take time for a local insurgency to acquire strength and turn jihadist, the chances of defusing an insurgency are better than 90 percent when caught early. But those chances drop to less than 50 percent if the insurgency has the chance to become a full-blown uprising. Thus, the United States needs the ability to interpret “indicators and warnings” so it can act in the early stages of the insurgency.

Sickening. What and who was President Bush and his advisors listening to when making their decisions to begin military incursions into Afghanistan and Iraq? Feh. Don’t bother answering.

If this is the first time you are hearing this news, you aren’t alone – no one seems to have reported it. You know where I heard it, of all places?

Harry Shearer’s Le Show. Oh.My.God.We.Need.A.New.President.NOW.

  • Rudi
    The story about the Rand study has been out for over a week. Seems the Pentagon didn't like the news about their incompetence.
    http://www.military.com/NewsContent/0,13319,161...
    Army Buried Iraq War-Planning Report
    Military.com | By Bryant Jordan | February 11, 2008

    The Army buried a RAND Corporation study on plans for postwar Iraq after Army generals grew concerned over the report’s wide-ranging criticism of the White House, the Defense Department and government agencies, the New York Times is reporting.

    Both secret and unclassified versions of "Rebuilding Iraq" were turned over to the Pentagon in mid-2005 after 18 months of research, according to the Times, which said the unclassified version was intended to further public debate on how to prepare for future conflicts.

    The Army, however, would not release either version and also limited circulation of the secret study within the Pentagon. It’s official explanation was that the RAND study got into areas that did not directly involve the Army, the Times quoted one Pentagon official as saying.
  • Jill -

    Thanx for the heads up!

    Rudi,

    This is a NEW study, not the one you cite.
  • Don Quijote
    You needed Rand to tel you that, Geniuses...

    There has been one insurrection that has been successfully put down since WWII that did not involve large scale mass slaughter, death squads and borderline genocide, that was Malaysia in the 50's and the only reason it was successfully put down was that the insurrectionists were predominantly Chinese in a Malay majority Country.

    Once an insurrection stops being an ideological insurrection and becomes an Ethnic insurrection, it's over, the only way to end it is to commit Genocide.
  • Rudi
    You are correct on the report(I think). here's the link to the entire report, all 519 pages. Like the other report, this one is critical of our effort, I wonder why this one wasn't buried.
  • Rudi - this one was buried - that's my point - I had to hear it from Harry Shearer? :)

    Don - you aren't reading very carefully. I specifically say in my post that the conclusions made by the report were identified before we ever went into Iraq.
  • Rudi
    Sorry forgot to include the link I mentioned. Here it is:
    http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_M...

    While digging around at Rand I found this news release which seems to be the report that was buried. While not titled"Rebuilding Iraq", the subject matter and date of release seem to lean in the direction that this is the actual buried report.
    News release: http://www.rand.org/news/press.03/07.28.html
    Full report(in chapters): http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR17...
  • Don Quijote
    Jill,

    My point was that you didn't need a study from Rand to predict the outcome, anyone who has any knowledge of post WWII history could have predicted the outcome ( and that I would expect most politicians and generals to have that basic knowledge).
  • superdestroyer
    But is there any way that a first world, professional military full of careerist can ever hope to overcome insurgents (even though Iraq did not start out as an insurgency).

    Tthe ideas of country building, government building, security force building, infrastructure building collapses in the face of constantly changing personnel. How can the U.S. rebuild anything when the people doing it change every couple of months.

    A good example of the problems with constantly changing personnel is that when the Army headquarters moved from Camp Doha Kuwait into Iraq, that all of the computer/e-mail/information servers were left behind and the new headquarters with new people started with a clean slate.

    There is only two real solutions:

    1. Follow the Powell Doctrine of definable goals with a definable timeline.

    2. Or follow the British example of when involved in a civil war, pick a side and make sure they win.
  • Rudi - totally agree. Guess I didn't make that obvious enough in the original post! Will try better next time but even knowing that we didn't a study for it, it still angers me that we STILL don't give it enough play and focus.

    Do you think that a chance in the White House will change the focus?
  • Well, superdestroyer, this is not an area of expertise (what the military is best at etc.), but let me ask you this: corporations and governments do survive turnover - somehow, don't they? (since I know there are of course examples where they don't, but even take Italy for example - it's still in existence despite it's horrific record of governmental turnover)

    So - why shouldn't the military be able to make its infrastructure more resilient to such changes, or at least resilient enough to do these kinds of tasks? Is that being too naive?
  • Don Quijote
    but let me ask you this: corporations and governments do survive turnover - somehow, don't they? (since I know there are of course examples where they don't, but even take Italy for example - it's still in existence despite it's horrific record of governmental turnover)

    In the above cases the turn-over is in the leadership of the organization (in Italy it's more of a shuffle in the leadership than a change, if you pay attention you'll notice that its always the same people in office just in different positions) , not in the bureaucracy, the people running the day to day operations are still there doing their jobs and going about their business.

    In Iraq, every time a US military unit leaves you lose the leadership and the bureaucracy and since there is no Iraqi Bureaucracy that can be trusted, you have to start from scratch all over again. Colonization when the locals don't want you there can be a bitch.
  • superdestroyer
    Running Wal-Mart is different than running a civil affairs operation in Iraq. There is no personal level of trust and different visions.

    Shaun posted an article a couple of months ago about the failure of economic development in Afghanistan. In the article, the was apparent that the woman wanting to start up a oils/dyes/soap business kept having to sell the idea to a new boss every couple of months.

    The manager of a Wal-Mart does not have to sell his bosses on the idea that a Wal-Mart Store is a good idea. The civil affairs guy in Afghanistan not only does but the civil affairs guy in Afghanistan has less than a year to make something happen before he moves on.

    Look at the problems with military Acquisition and the ever changing requirements, the ever changing program managers, and the tinkering of Congress. Country Building is the same as Ship Building except in country building, the corporation has 100% turn over every year.
  • Rudi
    SD - The Rand studies did put out what is required for COIN. From Rand:
    http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR17...
    1) A minimum of a five year commitment.
    There is no quick route to nation-building. Five years seems the
    minimum required to enforce an enduring transition to democracy.

    2) The more troops, the better the results for both sides.
    The highest levels of casualties have occurred in the operations with
    the lowest levels of U.S. troops, suggesting an inverse ratio between
    force levels and the level of risk. Germany, Japan, Bosnia, and Kosovo
    had no postconflict combat deaths. The postconflict occupations in
    Germany and Japan proved relatively risk-free because both Japan
    and Germany were thoroughly defeated and because their governments
    had agreed to unconditional surrender. The low numbers of
    combat deaths also show that postconflict nation-building, when
    undertaken with adequate numbers of troops, has triggered little violent
    resistance. Only when the number of stabilization troops has
    been low in comparison to the population have U.S. forces suffered
    or inflicted significant casualties.

    Seems W and Rummy didn't want to listen.
  • Ok - but aren't we smart enough to restructure the military to work the way we need it to? There doesn't seem to be any good excuse for not improving the structure that's being criticized here.
  • Rudi
    Jill - The Rand studies address the needs for structure change. Cheney and Shinnseki started this change before Rummy co-opted the said changes. But thye Rummy plan ignored conventional wisdom and the Rand studies. Rummy struck out on the Missile Threat and really swung and missed the ball in Iraq. It will take a couple administrations to unravel the Rummy mess. How long before Rummy get the Medal of Freedom?
    http://www.medaloffreedom.com/PresidentsDreamTe...
    Donald Rumsfeld is serving his second tenure as this nation’s Secretary of Defense. Under Gerald Ford, Rumsfeld became the 13th U.S. Secretary of Defense in 1975 and at the age of 43 he was the youngest to ever hold the position. He first went to Washington in 1957 during the Eisenhower administration as an Administrative Assistant to a Congressman. In 1962, Rumsfeld was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois and served four terms in that office. By the Nixon administration, Rumsfeld resigned his congressional position to serve as the Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity and as Counselor to the President from 1969 to 1972. In 1973, he left Washington for an ambassadorship to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in Brussels, Belgium. When Ford assumed the office in 1974, he named Rumsfeld as his Chief of Staff and later as the Secretary of Defense. After working in the private sector and serving in a variety of public posts from 1977 to 2001, President George W. Bush offered him his second tenure as Secretary of Defense. Now it is the job of an older, wiser Donald Rumsfeld to make sure that our military is ready to fight for the abolition of the terrorist bin Laden and the destruction of the Taliban. He must aid in the designing of military operations and campaigns that will win the war on terrorism.
  • DLS
    The Medal of Freedom for achieving a Revolution in Military Affairs?
  • StockBoySF
    (Sigh).

    First of all the Iraqis don't want a democracy. The idea of installing a democracy in Iraq is Bush's idea. I say the Iraqis don't want a democracy because they really don't seem to understand what a democracy is. Each faction wants the power for their own group, without sharing. Besides, I doubt that they teach democracy in many of the schools they went to.

    Second of all, the US invaded Iraq. The Iraqis, while many of them may have hated Saddam and some wanted to see him leave, but the war was started by us, and not some home-grown rebellion.

    Third of all.. (well I had a third point, but it was on one of my brain cells that went into hiding so it would survive when my head exploded while talking about this).

    Anyway, it seems the Rand report's conclusions are based on countries with home-grown civil wars and insurgencies, not invasions by countries on the other side of the world. Maybe that was my third point. One conclusion of Rand (which was pointed out by Rudi) was that it would take a minimum of a five year commitment of forces to ensure an enduring transition to democracy. If the locals don't understand democracy and aren't asking for it, then when we shove it down their throats, we won't succeed in 5 years or even 10. I guess McCain has it right that we might e in Iraq for 100 years.

    The more I look at the solution, the more I think Iraq should be separated into three nations- Shi'a, Suuni, Kurds. Of course Turkey won't go for an independent Kurd nation on their border, but Washington could exert pressure and I think the Kurds might agree to strict border limits and agree to not encourage the Turkish Kurds from breaking away to join them.

    Also look at Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia modern countries with ethnic strife. Even though Yugoslvia was stable to hold the 1984 Winter Olympics, they broke up into how many countries? The same with Czechoslovakia. And let's not forget the former USSR and the break up into smaller nations.... Given recent conflicts, that we had a hand in, I can't believe anyone in their right mind would actually think that Iraq would welcome an invasion and be turned into a democracy at the behest of a country on the other side of the world.

    Sometimes I think I should have taken Rumsfeld's job because I can make better decisions than he, and that's not even my background. The idiot.
  • StockBoy - given that Kosovo has now declared its independence and is being recognized for it, and it's been how many years since we've been more or less out of there, is it still too hopeful to think that Iraq could be partitioned successfully (by successfully I mean, in such a way that they will not want to continue war with each other and we will withdraw militarily)? More here on Kosovo.
  • Thanks, Rudi. I don't know if I'm supposed to be learning so much from a, can it be, a blog?! But I appreciate it.
  • StockBoySF
    Jill, I don't know what the best solution is for Iraq. Whatever it is it will continue to be a long and difficult path. However I honestly don't think Bush forcing our own form of government on them is the way. I believe that the partitioning should be seriously considered. If the individual new nations have a national identity, then they will work to make their individual countries function.

    Thanks-
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